Western heritage Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Western heritage - Assignment Example The ideal person is defined as one who is responsible, law abiding and reasonable, he does what is right throughout his life and is considered a valuable member of the human race. In Cliffs Notes on Homer’s The Iliad entitled, â€Å"The Hero and Homeric Culture,† the Homeric hero is one who abides by social and cultural norms of the community and has to preserve the social and religious rites of the society (Mathews and Platt 45). This hero accepts no responsibility for his actions as he is deemed to be controlled by the gods. This belief leads to him not acting in an ideal way. The hero is seen as a proud and angry person who sees his personal honor as the most valuable thing. The ideal person is selfless and upholds other people’s wellbeing. In Cliffs Notes on Virgil’s The Aeneid Aeneas, the hero must possess characteristics such as tolerance, obedience to the will of the gods, and reverence for ancestors as seen through Aeneas. The true representation of an ideal character is, therefore, one who acts, not for his own good, but for the good of society as a whole. He is humble, righteous according to the morals laid down by the community and takes responsibility for his actions regardless of the consequences. The ideal person looks, for friendly ways to resolve conflict without resulting to war. Joseph Campbell’s book entitled â€Å"The Hero with a Thousand Faces†, examines the mono myth theory as â€Å"A hero ventures forth from the world of common day, into a region of supernatural wonder. Forces are there encountered, and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man†. Campbell describes the stages in mono myth: the hero starts the journey in the ordinary world he is then called into the extraordinary land where he undergoes tests and trials where he discovers his hidden abilities, he then chooses whether to return to the ordinary world to use

Internship in Nevada Restaurants Association Essay Example for Free

Internship in Nevada Restaurants Association Essay Having a successful career after studying is one of the aspirations of many college students. However, facing a real scenario in a corporate world seems to be very challenging and for some, it can be frightening. That is why internship programs are included in college courses to show the real world associated with the profession to the students and to prepare them by requiring them to work in a company of their choice. For my case, I took internship at Nevada Restaurant Association, an organization that focuses on managing various events and activities associated with hotel and restaurant management. As an HRM institution, Nevada Restaurant Organization has a goal of rendering world class hotel and restaurant services to valued customers. For them, customer satisfaction is very important because it measures the level of their performance. To accomplish their goals, NRA exhibits various ways of rendering high quality hotel services, safety food provision and high standard accommodation. The most important thing about NRA is that they recruit members in their organization for the goal of helping others and sharing their knowledge with them. Seminars, trainings and exhibits are done in a regular basis to continuously help aspirants and hone them into globally competitive HRM professionals (NRA 1). Since I am still an intern student and my knowledge about the industry is still limited, the management gave me basic tasks in the organization. As an intern, my basic tasks are to assist the events team in managing events and seminars like high school cooking competition, food preparation seminars and other activities related to hotel and restaurant management. I also do administrative works like preparation of seminar kits, modules and other things needed for the events. Most of the time, I assist the director of the organization in conference room meetings by means of preparing the room and the materials needed by the director and the participants. Even though my tasks are basic, for me they are very challenging because it tests not only my knowledge about my career but also my behavior towards work and other people. I can say that by being an intern in Nevada Restaurant Association, I am able to apply what I have learned from my subjects and learn new things at the same time. As a hospitality management major, my everyday tasks and interaction with my coworkers and a lot people outside the organization enhanced my skills and made me appreciate my profession more than how I appreciated it when I am still starting my course. As an example, the things that I have learned in my Facilities Management, Marketing and Finance subjects helped me in effectively preparing and organizing events and seminars. By assisting the team in using the available resources in an optimal way, I was able to help the entire organization in attaining cost effective processes that aided them in rendering high class services to participants. On the other hand, my knowledge in Service Management and Career Development subjects aided me in dealing with the people in the organization and with the participants in all the events that I have organized and attended. I know that it is through effective communication and respective approach that I will be able to apply my hospitality skills in my career. Among all the subjects that I have taken, it is Service Management that aided a lot n preparing me for my career. It is because I believe that a large part of Hospitality Management deals more on the services rendered. It is on how the services are organized and implemented that customer satisfaction is garnered. The food, drinks and other visual products of the service only serve as tangible proofs but beyond that, it is the kind of service that make people say that â€Å"it has a global quality†. Thus, it is very important that the skills and potentials required for rendering service is developed and enhanced. During the internship, I treated my managers and my coworkers as my customers and as a service provider, I did my best and used my skills and talents in rendering services that will give them utmost satisfaction. That is by obeying instructions, by doing tasks the right way and the way they wanted it and by completing requested works on or even ahead of time. In that way, I was able to practice how to render high quality services to other people. When I entered Nevada Restaurant Association as an intern, the management had an agreement that I will be spending 200 hours working in the organization. We also agreed that no amount will be paid for the internship and I will be working in the company until I completed the 200 hours. Perhaps for some people, 200 hours of work maybe hard especially to those who have no interest in their job. Yet, for me, 200 hours work seemed to be not enough. It is because for me, there is a lot to learn about the company and I, as a very aspiring person want to learn all the things that I can learn about the company. For me, it is the learning and the experiences that encouraged me to have enough strength to work on my tasks and be utmost motivated to prepare myself for my profession. In my own point of view, working in Nevada Restaurant Association is a big challenge for me. First of all, it is my first time to work with professional people and second, it is also my first time to apply the skills that I have learned in school in the real world. I admit that I felt the pressure of my work. There are times during my first days in work that I doubted if my work is good enough to satisfy them and if it will meet the standards set by my managers. Like any other person, I do not want, as much as possible, to fail in my work and receive negative feedbacks from my managers. It is true that at first, I thought that my job is difficult but I realized, as days went by that what I was doing was fun. I realized that the pressure is just there because it is my first time. Later on as my work get clearer and clearer for me, I realized that I am blessed because I was given the opportunity to work in a prestigious organization. In my entire stay in the company, I felt the enjoyment and fun of working with various people, meeting new acquaintances and establishing new contacts. Most of all, I learned one of the most important lessons, that failure is a key to success. As a fresh intern, I admit that I also made some mistakes in my work and my managers usually pointed it out. Though it is sometimes frustrating especially if I have already exerted too much effort to finish the job, I realized that it is my failures in my work that pushed me to do better and be more deserving for my profession. I realized that if I really want to learn, I should learn to be patient enough to continuously try my best to make my work better. Mistakes are not there to discourage me but they are there to direct me to my potential improvements. I learned that as a person full of aspirations, I should not focus on my mistakes and instead, I should focus on what my managers are telling me because they are the ones who know better than I do and they can direct me to my improvement. By keeping that in my mind, I was able to make my tasks a lot easier, fun, and enjoyable. The pressure that I felt during my first days disappeared as I learned to love my job and seek learning from it. I think that it is my positive outlook in life that I am able to transform the pressure into motivation and burning aspiration to finish my intern and keep what I have learned until the time that I need to apply it again. In addition, the organization’s culture taught me important things that helped me to be a better person. First of all, I learned to be a competitive person in a creative way that showcased my talents and abilities. Since the organization aimed for producing skillful, world class and competitive students and trainees, I, as an intern has adopted this behavior and I was able to apply it in my everyday life. For me, this behavior is very essential because I believe that when I enter the real world after graduating from college, I will be facing a lot of people who may have the same skills that I have and in order for me to get accepted, I must stand out from the rest by being competitive in the best that I can be. In accordance with the culture of the company, I also experience a lot of good things in the company. Even though I am just an intern, my coworkers did not treat me as one and in fact, they treated me as their coworker already. They have shown me the appropriate respect, encouragement and motivation. Although authority is there, their attitude of being friendly and very open gave me the comfort and confidence of getting along with them and voicing out my side during meetings and or brainstorming. The light and stress-free atmosphere motivated me to work harder and be better and better everyday. Their advice served as my guiding principles during my stay and it really helped me a lot in accomplishing my job. Most of all, the most important thing that I learned from the organization and that I think I will never forget is the act of sharing. As an organization, Nevada Restaurant Association believes that the ultimate responsibility of all hotel and restaurant employees is to render their customers with world class services. In order to achieve that quality, they must share their knowledge with each other and aimed for the same goal. For them, being competitive is not about winning over other people but showcasing the best talents a person has. Nevada Restaurant Association believes that by helping each other, by sharing ideas and by teaching it to those who are willing to learn that the entire community of hotel and restaurant employees will be able to completely render high quality and world class services. It is through sharing of ideas that integration of little but talented ideas can happen to be able to establish an excellent strategy that will deliver utmost customer satisfaction and that will benefit everyone in the industry. My internship in Nevada Restaurant Association is really one of the best experiences that I have in my life and I am willing to apply what I have learned in my future career to be able to help other people and contribute in enriching the industry that I am in. References: NRA. (2007). Nevada Restaurant Association. Available at: http://www. nvrestaurants. com/

We Must Ban MTBE Gasoline Use in Cold Climate Areas :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

We Must Ban MTBE Gasoline Use in Cold Climate Areas Several years ago doctors told us that because butter contained a lot of cholesterol it would be healthier to use margarine instead. Yet just recently it was discovered and told us by doctors that although butter has more cholesterol, overall it is healthier than margarine (Kamen 1). Margarine had some unseen negative effect on the human body, and human health. A similar yet distinct situation is happening today in the gasoline industry. In order to reduce the pollution that vehicles emit oxygenates are added to gasoline. Oxygenates reduce the amount of toxins released. The most common used oxygenate is methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). MTBE like margarine has had some unexpected and previously unseen harmful effects on the human health when used in cold climate areas. It has caused respiratory problems, nausea, headaches, and tissue inflammation and irritation (Cong 2). In an effort to protect all aspects of human health I propose that the use of MTBE as a gasoline oxygenate be banned in cold climate areas of the United States of America. When the United States was founded, Congress, the legislative branch of government was established to pass laws and legislation for the betterment of the people. Due to an increase in the number of vehicles, pollution from their emissions has become an increasingly large problem. Vehicle exhaust emissions contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) that when combined with sunlight create ozone. Ground level ozone is harmful to plants and to the human respiratory system. It causes chest pain, headaches, nasal congestion, sore throats, and reduced breathing capacity. Cars also emit carbon monoxide (CO) which is toxic to the human body (ADEQ 1). In order to better ensure and maintain clean air Congress passed the Clean Air Act of 1990. As part of this Act the cities in the United States where the set limit of carbon monoxide (CO) had been exceeded were required to sell oxygenated gasoline at the gas pumps to help reduce the CO level (Cong 2). In all there are over thirty areas in eighteen states that use oxygenated gasoline (EPA other 1). There are several different oxygenates, but in the U.S. 84% of the oxygenated gasoline uses MTBE as the oxygenate (EPA other1). MTBE must make up 15% of the gasoline mixture in order to meet federal standards (EPA 19).

Illusion and Reality in Shakespeares The Tempest Essays -- Tempest es

Illusion and Reality in Shakespeare's The Tempest This essay will discuss the part that illusion and reality plays in developing and illuminating the theme of Shakespeare's The Tempest. This pair of opposites will be contrasted to show what they represent in the context of the play. Further, the characters associated with these terms, and how the association becomes meaningful in the play, will be discussed. A good starting point to discuss the use of illusion and reality in The Tempest is to focus on the setting in Act I, scene ii. Here, the reader (or viewer) realizes that it takes place entirely in Prospero's cell which is a small room where he practices his magic arts. Miranda here asks her father, Prospero, to make sure that the people on the ship will be safe even though he has created a storm which threatens to capsize their boat and drown them all. Prospero reassures her. He says that he has no intention of allowing the people to die. To reassure her further, he continues by explaining his motives in creating the storm. Here the reader learns that Prospero and Antonio are brothers, and that Prospero is the rightful Duke of Milan but that his brother usurped his kingdom and exiled Prospero and his daughter Miranda. Fortune saved the two from their rotting ship which had been set to drift, and brought them to the island where Prospero has been granted supernatural powers by the ene mies of Antonio. From the above description it is clear that the play embraces both the natural and the supernatural world. Twelve years before the action takes place, we are told that Prospero was a prince who had a different type of power than he has now. Twelve year since, Miranda, twelve year since, Thy father was the Duk... ...and the event; then tell me If this might be a brother. Mir: I should sin To think nobly of my grandmother. Good wombs have borne bad sons. (I, ii, 139-144). Prospero is really the key character about which the nature of illusion and reality centers. He is the one who appears to have been stripped of all his power, and yet he is truly the most powerful; he lives in a world where he can conjure up an illusion of a storm; he lives between a course of regular human action and magic; and he is perceptive about philosophies on the topic of illusion and reality. In The Tempest, illusion and reality are opposites which may be considered on many different levels throughout the entire length of the play. Work Cited Shakespeare, William. The Tempest, edited by Louis B. Weight and Virginia A. LaMar, published by Pocket Books, New York, 1961.

Globalization trends

Each of these stakeholders gains when a company improves the value Hahn. The common key processes that should be used to improve the value and supply chain revolve around the customer, stakeholder, and supplier. Strategic planning to change management to customer service all serve a purpose. That purpose is to enable companies and partners to do business in such a different way that creates competitive advantage. When performance is elevated to a level in which success is imminent the company not only sees increase in profits but also sees new levels in customer service, inventory, production, and synchronization of key operations.Country Risk Analysis – Struck Entering Japan Any number of risks can affect an organization's global operations and the way to overcome these risks is by implementing advantageous strategic goals and strategies. In any new business venture a firm must take risks to achieve objectives set. When expanding into a new country a higher degree of risk mus t be taken. However, a higher degree of risk does not mean the company will be venerable to losses because of changes in the economies or political situations in countries in which they are investing.Understanding the types of risk involved and properly planning for these risks will allow the company to mitigate most problems and revert losses. As described by A. M. Best's assessment (2009) of the three categories of risk, Japan has been rated low in economic, political, and financial systems. Economic Environment Japan is the second largest economy in the world behind the United States. Yet, revised figures for the final quarter of 2009 grew by less than what was estimated, 1. 1 percent. â€Å"Japan continues to face the problem of deflation† (BBC News, 2010, Para. 6).Because deflation is bad for the economy, the tendency is for consumers and businesses to delay in making major purchases. With the value of currency rising all he higher value of currency to purchase more. Ban k of Japan board members during their February meeting had mixed views on the economy. Some members believe that upside and downside risks were becoming balanced, whereas others felt â€Å"considerable downside risks to the economy' (Toasts, 2010, Para. 2). Believing that brand recognition alone could aid in the success of expansion into Japan was not a good move for Struck.Because the Japanese have a taste for everything western Struck was sure about the marketability of the Japanese. Unfortunately, Struck suffered because of â€Å"bad predictions† (Gators, 2009, Para. 0) and not enough information gathered on Japan's economy. Political Environment Presently, Japanese Prime Minister Taro Ass is struggling to implement strategies to bolster Japan's economy. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDAP) has not passed a supplemental budget needed to fund the first economic stimulus package discussed back in October 2008 (Hashish, 2009).The political paralysis of Japan takes part in the global financial crisis causing the eroding of consumer product purchases. Once a business is up and running the worry becomes entering and enforcing contracts with errs and sellers. Even with guidelines set in formulating and enforcing contracts variations are still placed on certain ways a country views the legal system. Japan is a civil law system country encouraging shorter and less specific contracts because the general civic code deals with many pertinent issues (Daniels, Redheaded ; Sullivan, 2007).The wealth of the country decides on what business regulation procedures are required when opening a business. With free trade becoming more popular in countries that at one time placed strict regulations on foreign businesses he increase in capital has effected multinational and international companies to expand outside their home countries. The relaxed restrictions result in opportunities for people to experience global products and brands. Components of a Global Business Plan A business plan tells a story about a company's strategies and goals.Along with this information, a business plan also requires specific components. The first section must start with an executive summary. The executive summary is a brief synopsis of the business plan that includes a description of the nature of the business, a reason rodents or services is needed, description of the organization and management team, and a brief explanation on the sales and marketing approach. The next section is more detailed information taken from the executive summary including the business, market analysis, financing, and management sections.Conclusion Stakeholders can be anyone directly and indirectly associated with the company, such as customers, suppliers, employees, and shareholders. Each can benefit as well as lose. The key is making sure all activities are streamlined and work in a synchronized manner. When this happens stakeholders benefit by lower costs, new reduce design and development, and trustworthiness of the company. Economic exposure is defined as, â€Å"the extent to which a firm's market value is sensitive to unexpected changes in foreign currency' (Perry, 2009, Three Types of Foreign Exchange Exposure for Mans, Para. ). Before expanding into another country, researching the economic structure of the country is important. Economic risk comes from the inability of a country to meet financial obligations. Sustaining, and self-governing society (Daniels, Redheaded, & Sullivan, 2007, Para. 1). Creating a majority of people in society that accepts present political views an result in positive benefits including the attraction of foreign investment and international trade. When turmoil among the people and the roles of government exists, friction occur creating unpleasant unrest.

The Pirates of Penzance essays

The Pirates of Penzance essays A new and original comic Opera by Messrs. W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan, entitled the "Pirates of Penzance, or Love and Duty. It is amazing how two dramatic writers have mastered the ability to amuse the public in such an original manner. This opera had its premiere on December 31, 1879, at the Fifth Avenue Theater in New York with Arthur Sullivan conducting. It opened on April 3, 1880, at the Opera Comique in London and ran for 363 performances. When one thinks of Pirates of Penzance many tend to immediately recollect the movie depicted from this play. Visions of Kevin Kline playing the Pirate King, Linda Ronstadt playing Mabel, Angela Lansbury as Ruth and George Rose plays the Major-General. The adaptation of this script was very true to Gilbert Although this play originated in 1879 the director did not seem to have any difficulty keeping the original historical plot and at the same time blending in a bit of modern themes and characteristics. Several words were added that weren't part of Gilbert's original script. It kept the adaptation novel and interesting. Complete with lessons of courage and honor this play demonstrates with humor the lengths one man will go to in order to fulfill his dutiful and unusually contracted obligation. In this case the participants were not quite as seasoned as those mentioned above. The play itself was quite clever and entertaining. Varying degrees of acting and vocal ability made for a very diverse cast. Meshing an 1879 play with Millennium type humor is no small feat. The scenes were concise; costumes were extremely original; and the cast was particularly enthusiastic. What imperfections may have occurred within the play was overshadowed by these above-mentioned strengths. Comedic plays tend to be quite challenging. The ability to m ...

Tahani ALjashaam Essays - Cognitive Disorders, Learning Disabilities

Tahani ALjashaam Essays - Cognitive Disorders, Learning Disabilities Tahani ALjashaam English 091 Mrs. Pike April 4, 2016 Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementing illness. Its incidence increases as person get older. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disease that attacks the brain, causing impaired memory, thinking and behavior. Alzheimer's disease robs people of their memory. At first people have a hard time remembering recent events, though they might easily recall things that happened years ago. Alzheimer's Disease: Effects, Symptoms and Treatments. Alzheimer's disease as defined earlier is disease that affects the neurons of an individual thus degenerating them. The affected individual has some characteristic behaviors due to the deteriorated neuron, poor thinking, lose memory and may lead to dementia. The disease has the capability of completely shutting down individual intellectual abilities and rendering one useless in socially and physically. Other side of Alzheimer's impacts are on the people who are closest to them. Family members have to take on different responsibilities when a relative is diagnosed with Alzheimer. They may become caregivers because as Alzheimer's disease progresses, you or others in your family may find the changing roles tough to accept. When it happens, it can lead to some confusion about how to act. It sometimes take a while to figure out just who will do what. The disease has known symptoms that enable medics to identify it and place the patient under special care necessitated for individuals suffering from it. The symptoms are either behavior or cognitive in nature. Some of the symptoms that come from an individual cognitive nature or behavior include confusion, disorientation, and memory loss. Additionally such individual loss the power of abstract reasoning, they suffer from hallucination, insomnia, depression and wandering over an empty place are some of the behavioral phenomena's that an individual suffering goes through. Alzheimer's symptoms has three common stages from its initial infection that a patient suffers before the final stage which is death. As know each disease has treatment, but there is currently no cure for Alzheimer's disease. At same time there is a lot of that can be done to enable someone to live well with the conditions. This will involve drug and nondrug care, support and activities. The drugs can ease some of the symptoms in some people. They can slow down how quickly the disease gets worse, and help the brain work better for longer. So what? Alzheimer's disease is an infection that mostly dangerous to the elderly and the immune compromised in the society. Therefore, it is advisable for such people to given the best medical care for individual suffering from such infection. Medically, there are several ways through which such disease can be controlled and enable the patient to live a better life.

Do You Agree With the View that Television Programme Makers essays

Do You Agree With the View that Television Programme Makers essays Do you agree with the view that television programme makers are guilty of dumbing I do not believe that television programme makers are guilty of dumbing down. How could this be the truth when it seems the mass audience are asking for the general takeover of the retailable drivel that is reality TV shows, trailer trash and the new addition, victim television. With shows such as big brother, survivor and jackass pulling in the ratings what are television makers supposed to produce. Why make brilliant groundbreaking television shows when putting 10 people in a house together and filming it will do? People may complain about this new wave of television from the armchair but there is very few who refuse to watch it, which get home and would rather watch newsnight in a choice between the two. On the flipside Mark Thompson, the director of television for the BBC believes that, almost every generation believes that the worlds going to the dogs and things arent what they used to be. We have the most educated population the UK has ever had. Its all too easily said wi th his payroll. But the truth is, what is he really going to admit to. That the programmes hes accepting to be billed are only regurgitated mixtures of proven crowd pleasers. And also are we more educated because we are just getting smarter, or due to better television. Id disagree with the latter. Although if he truly believes this, the viewing future seems nothing to look forward to. Unless of course your daily injection of media nutrition comes form the format of radio, as this seems to be the only form of entertainment truly moving in leaps and bounds. The newspaper, used for centuries by millions worldwide to digest whats going on not only on your doorstep, but around the world. It seems even at this lowest form of media, the written word. It has only grown in popularity and indefinitely in numbers. But go ...

Will offering work-life balance programs result in positive outcomes Essay

Will offering work-life balance programs result in positive outcomes for organisations and for employees - Essay Example Work-life balance programs vary widely depending on organisational policy and include such programs as flextime, telecommuting, paternity leave and even job sharing. These programs are implemented so that the organisation can demonstrate a solid commitment to improving employee relations and to allow employees to balance their personal demands with job role obligations. Work-life policies, in most instances, provide exceptionally positive outcomes for the organisation and employees who make use of the availability of these programs, including employee motivation, increased employee commitment, cohesive organisational cultures and reduced employee turnover that satisfies cost control issues at the organisation. The outcomes of work-life balance programs Positive outcomes associated with work-life balance programs can be attributed to social exchange theory, a psychological supposition that human relationships are founded on reciprocal actions and mutual negotiations between two or mor e parties (Emerson 1976). Social exchange theory posits that employees will repeat an action if they find they are rewarded for the behaviour (Robbins, Chatterjee and Canda 2011). Work-life programs are established by organisational leaders in an effort to provide incentives for employees to provide superior effort and motivation. As a result of this reward, employees respond by exerting maximum effort even when the job role involves an intensification of work responsibilities (Kelliher and Anderson 2010). Hence, there is a quantifiable set of positive psychological outcomes under social exchange theory that provides superior return on investment, in terms of increased productivity and motivation, to the employer. Also at the psychological level, work-life balance programs provide greater employee satisfaction which provides the incentive for employees to be more productive. Having some level of personal control over an employee’s working conditions is considered very valuabl e to workers that engage with these programs (Kelliher and Anderson 2010). It is recognised in research studies that when an employer provides workers with workplace autonomy, it is positively linked to job satisfaction (Emery and Barker 2007). This satisfaction leads to happier workers and job productivity increases (Nauert 2011). The research evidence indicating a positive link between satisfaction and higher productive outputs in the job role illustrate that work-life balance programs maintain considerable positive benefits to both the employee and the employer. Employee commitment is enhanced and there is overall better job performance when an employee is able to work in autonomous work environments (Nauert 2011). From the business perspective, the ability of work-life balance programs to provide perceptions of autonomy even leads to lower employee turnover, thus saving the organisation costs associated with recruitment and training of new employees. Work-life programs also prov ide the organisation with much less overhead costs that is sustained through employees working from home (Beauregard and Henry 2009). In a business where employees are not offered work-life programs, such as telecommuting, businesses must absorb a variety of costs, including office supplies, utilisation of electric services, telephony, and many other administrative costs. By having employees work from home, businesses can reduce their daily operational expenses, thereby satisfying budget concerns. This is a positive outcome from an organisation perspective, especially

Business Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Business Economics - Essay Example Reduced investment and poor image of the sector is put in the backseat without fresh blood in the segment. The industry must get competitive edge by manufacturing those goods that consumers want and Britain has technical and competitive advantages. Manufacturing in Britain is still important. There is a need to keep the economy diversified, that can not be possible without manufacturing. UK requires shifting into more high-tech manufacturing which is less labour intensive UK economic scenario can be viewed from this chart and diagram, which clearly points about the falling gross domestic products every decade from the Second World War when the UK economy boomed (Hundred years of Economic statistics, World Economic Outlook) The boom of the new century ended in 2008 when UK entered a recession caused by the global financial crisis following the collapse of the UK Northern Rock Bank. British economy shrunk by 2.4% in the first quarter of 2009 compared with the previous one as reported by the British Office for National Statistics (ONS). According to the ONS, "output of the production industries fell 5.1 percent, while service industries fell by 1.6 percent, with negative growth in all sub-industries except government and other services." (British economy shrinks 2.4 %-----) Britain is still reputedly the sixth biggest global manufacturing economy. The UK manufacturing sector is currently in recession and last year recorded its largest annual decline for a decade. The manufacturing sector had witnessed the boom in 1995 when it touched almost 8% growth and then moved in between 0 to 2% growth level. After touching more that 2% in 2007 the manufacturing shrunk below in 2008. Services account for 80% of Britain’s G.D.P. Service industry is not entirely independent and depends very much over manufacturing sector only. The UKs services industry as seen as the engine of growth for the national economy does not appear convincing. There is puzzling question in

Global Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Skills - Essay Example The opportunity enabled me to gain more confidence in communicating with diverse people with an array of cultural orientation, specifically from France, aside from my native country and in America. The new insights gained from learning the French culture and language equipped me with the basic skills to increase the possibility of living in Europe and enable me to communicate with others using their language. Further, by reinforcing learning the dimensions of culture, I was able to acquire a better edge from other people of the same qualifications as mine, but without the knowledge of speaking French. Through learning intricate details of the French culture, I was fortunate to have shared interesting facts that could improve communication, interpersonal relationships and possible entry to global organizations from that country, in particular, if given the right opportunity. To reiterate, I enrolled in a French for travel class that provided basic theoretical guidelines on grammar, sy ntax and frequently used statements for daily communication. In doing so, proficiency in French was initially gained. With regular practice and continued study in higher class modules, I am sure that I would be highly proficient in the language. These skills could be applied in future plans to either live or work in Europe. The basic communication skills of learning French would be used for relevant correspondences: both speaking and writing, as one envisions working with a global organization, either in France, or with branches in Europe. As a result of learning a third language, I gained more competence and confidence to communicate with people from France or from other French speaking countries. Learning more about cultural values, traditions and practices of their particular culture honed my global skills and prepared me for future endeavors in Europe, or possible in other countries around the world. With the initiation of learning a third language, I can always opt to study oth er languages deemed appropriate and consistent with future plans to either live in a particular foreign country or to work in a global organization. Global Knowledge The lessons provided by the French for travel class, a writing intensive class, and an art class enabled me to expand knowledge encompassing geographical and socio-cultural facts in non-US countries. The theories, applications and historical concepts learned from these classes widened my understanding on diverse cultural perspectives of Europe, in particular. The knowledge gained from these activities assist in making intellectual comparative analysis between the cultural orientation of my native country, the practices, values and norms in the United States, and that of the new learning. These activities assisted in gaining expanded global knowledge of rich traditional and culture from other countries that would prepare me for future plans to work in global organizations. The classes and activities, likewise, provided e nriched information on the French culture and art history, among others, that encouraged friendships and strong interpersonal relationships from diverse students from Europe. The art history class, for instance, gave me wider perspectives and information on the evolution and components of art in Europe through time. It made me more appreciative of aesthetic value of different art forms, styles and expressions found in various media. The experiences made me appreciate contemporary generation’s open outlook and ability to embrace, accept and possibly

Chemistry reasearch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chemistry reasearch - Essay Example s likely to be incredibly small compared to the reality on the ground.   Still, a collection of examples that have surfaced in the English-language media will help to document the use of these atrocious weapons. Cluster bombs, dropped from the air, and cluster munitions, fired from the ground, are designated as such because they fragment into many smaller bombs.   When a cluster weapon is dropped or fired, it opens in the air and disperses hundreds of smaller explosives (submunitions, or bomblets) which scatter over an area of up to hundreds of thousands of feet.  Ã‚   Most of these submunitions explode upon impact, but between 5% and 30% fail to ignite.   These â€Å"duds† retain their deadly features, and typically will explode immediately when touched.   Herein lies the main threat to civilians, since dud bombs act as landmines across vast areas for many years. During the first Gulf War, the US and its allies dropped cluster bombs containing around 20 million bomblets.   In addition, cluster munitions spread more than 30 million bomblets.   In Kuwait, around 200 cluster duds are still being found and destroyed each month.  Ã‚   In Afghanistan, the United States dropped 1,228 CBU-87 cluster bombs containing 248,056 bomblets.  Ã‚   Assuming a 7% failure rate,   this would leave roughly 17,363 unexploded bomblets scattered across Afghanistan. The US and UK are quick to point out that cluster bombs and cluster munitions are not specifically banned under the 1997 Ottawa Mine Ban Treaty.  Ã‚   Still, the indiscriminate nature of scattered explosives and the lingering danger of unexploded bombs make these weapons nearly identical to landmines.   A strong case can also be made that cluster bombs and munitions are illegal under the Geneva Convention, which demands the protection of civilians even when intermingled with military personnel. The US and the UK both officially acknowledged on April 3 that their air forces have been dropping cluster bombs on Iraq.  Ã‚   Judging by

12 Steps meetings for Narcotic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

12 Steps meetings for Narcotic - Assignment Example Narcotics Anonymous is a society or association of recovering addicts who possess the desire to stay clean. At the meeting, DSM IV diagnoses for Axis I included persons recovering from an exacerbation of schizophrenia, a major depressive episode or a flare-up of panic disorder. The meeting was held in a tent behind a church. The attendees included three women and eight men, all of whom were recovering addicts. Individually, I felt a little anxious given this was my first meeting and I was not sure of was to expect, except for the information I had gathered from my friends about the program. At the venue, there were people seated: some in groups talking while some seated quietly alone. I decided to take a seat close to the door just in case I wanted to quickly leave the room. The attendees sat in a circle of chairs and one woman, who I later learn was the chairperson of the meeting for the day, sat at the center of the circle. The chairperson asked everyone to join in reciting the ser enity prayer, and then inquired whether there were any first timers or newcomers, in attendance who were willing to introduce themselves. Handfuls raised their hands, and were each offered an opportunity to say their names. 12-step meetings are founded on the principle confidentiality; the group has the word â€Å"anonymous† in the title. ... During the meeting, the chairperson repeated a common 12 step saying to remind everyone of the significance of anonymity and confidentiality. The chairperson declared the step that was to be discussed, after which she read the step chapter from the book, "Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions,†. She then asked whether anybody had any experience, hope and strength with regard to the step, which they felt like sharing. This particular section was to me the most interesting part of the meeting. It was amazing to see people share their experiences with narcotics and relating it to the step as some appeared to follow my own personal experiences. As the meeting continued, attendees started talking, each beginning by introducing themselves as "Hello, I am (first name) and I'm an addict". At the end of their talks, everybody in the room would thank them then the next person would begin speaking. After everyone had shared, the chairperson asked whether there was any announcements and then announced that it was time to say the serenity prayer. The defense mechanisms used by some of the member at the meeting included denial and reluctance to admit addiction Everyone in the meeting put their arms around one another and recited the Serenity Prayer. This marked the end of the meeting. Sharing at the meeting benefits the individuals as it gives them a chance to release tension and unburden themselves. Other participants are able to give a different viewpoint on what has been shared, making them feel more of important contributors to the meeting. The law provides for involuntary commitment for substance abusers if (1) he is dangerous to himself, herself, or others when under the influence or (2) seriously disabled. The form used to appeal that a substance

Chemistry reasearch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chemistry reasearch - Essay Example s likely to be incredibly small compared to the reality on the ground.   Still, a collection of examples that have surfaced in the English-language media will help to document the use of these atrocious weapons. Cluster bombs, dropped from the air, and cluster munitions, fired from the ground, are designated as such because they fragment into many smaller bombs.   When a cluster weapon is dropped or fired, it opens in the air and disperses hundreds of smaller explosives (submunitions, or bomblets) which scatter over an area of up to hundreds of thousands of feet.  Ã‚   Most of these submunitions explode upon impact, but between 5% and 30% fail to ignite.   These â€Å"duds† retain their deadly features, and typically will explode immediately when touched.   Herein lies the main threat to civilians, since dud bombs act as landmines across vast areas for many years. During the first Gulf War, the US and its allies dropped cluster bombs containing around 20 million bomblets.   In addition, cluster munitions spread more than 30 million bomblets.   In Kuwait, around 200 cluster duds are still being found and destroyed each month.  Ã‚   In Afghanistan, the United States dropped 1,228 CBU-87 cluster bombs containing 248,056 bomblets.  Ã‚   Assuming a 7% failure rate,   this would leave roughly 17,363 unexploded bomblets scattered across Afghanistan. The US and UK are quick to point out that cluster bombs and cluster munitions are not specifically banned under the 1997 Ottawa Mine Ban Treaty.  Ã‚   Still, the indiscriminate nature of scattered explosives and the lingering danger of unexploded bombs make these weapons nearly identical to landmines.   A strong case can also be made that cluster bombs and munitions are illegal under the Geneva Convention, which demands the protection of civilians even when intermingled with military personnel. The US and the UK both officially acknowledged on April 3 that their air forces have been dropping cluster bombs on Iraq.  Ã‚   Judging by

My First Conk from Malcolm X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My First Conk from Malcolm X - Essay Example Blacks thus degrade their natural bodies without realizing that such degradations are embarrassing as Malcolm says that it seems foolish to see women having green and pink wigs to look like whites. Moreover, none of the blacks are ever thinking of gaining similar education or intelligence as that of the whites (Malcolm, 131). Conked hair and wigs illustrates that blacks have been brainwashed because even in the modern world, most blacks still feel inferior to the whites. Blacks are always ready to endure the pain of conk hair even after knowing that it does not make a black person more adorable. This is based on the argument by Malcolm that no woman will admire a man based on his hair appearance no matter how well the conk is; it does not add any value to the man (Malcolm, 136). In conclusion, before Malcolm realized that conk hair was a degradation of his natural body, he was willing to endure the pain to look like the whites but after he discovered that blacks had been brainwashed to think they are inferior to the whites, he has never had a conk (Malcolm, 141). All black individuals need to do as Malcolm did and instead of trying to be like the whites, they should instead study hard to better than the

Small Package Delivery Industry Essay Example for Free

Small Package Delivery Industry Essay The small package express delivery industry is a complex competitive environment. The â€Å"Porter’s five forces† combined give the competing companies the possibility to make profits with a low risk of entry and a weak bargaining power of suppliers. The intense rivalry between them and the strong bargaining power of buyers has a negative impact over the prices, which can lower the companies’ revenues. The most interesting thing about this case was the struggle of the global delivery company DHL, to enter the United States market. It was interesting to see how a big company could spend an enormous amount of money to purchase all the equipment necessary for a distribution system, and yet not being able to succeed in gaining the market share. Risk of entry by potential competitors In the small package express delivery industry the barriers to entry are high which makes the risk of entry by potential competitors a weak force. The economies of scale in this industry are attained by only three companies, FedEx, UPS and DHL. They developed complex air and ground delivery networks, which are expensive to establish for new entrants; this gives the leading firms an absolute cost advantage in the industry. DHL, a huge name in the European delivery market, is an example of failure in this aspect. After buying Airborne Express for $1 billion and spending $1. 5 billion upgrading it, DHL was forced to get out of the market because of the losses it encountered during 5 years of struggling. Following this event the, North American express delivery industry became dominated by FedEx and UPS. One major element of the barriers to entry is the government regulations. Federal Express waited three years to get the right to fly planes from Memphis to Tokyo, and it got restricted to only 70 lbs per package. Tough government regulations make it difficult for new companies to enter the industry or in different markets, and it can increase the costs of operations as well. When the force of risk of entry of potential competitors is weak, the profitability of the companies that are already competing within the industry increase. Rivalry among established companies The rivalry among established companies is very strong in the small package express industry. The industry is consolidated, dominated by three large companies, FedEx and UPS in the US and DHL in Europe, which are interdependent. Consolidated industry increase rivalry among established firms because one company’s competitive action, such as a change in price, directly affect the market share of its rivals. This can lead to price war, which means that one company follows suit when the other companies lowers the prices. In 1983, UPS offered next-day air service at half a price of its competitors. In order to keep up, Federal Express followed and cut the prices to match UPS prices. This lead to a price war among competitors, which diminished profitability of the companies competing in this consolidated industry. Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers in this industry is a strong force. When the buyers purchase in large quantities, they are able to bargain and reduce the prices. An example discussed in the case is Xerox, which negotiated a lower price for express delivery of its products because of the high volume of the orders and was able to get as much as 60% discounts. The strong force of bargaining power of buyers in the small packages express delivery industry leads to lower prices and less profitability. Bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers in the small package express industry is weak. One example discussed in the case is the acquisition of the retail stores Mail Boxes Etc by UPS, which allowed UPS to have a direct contact with the consumers who needed its services. Another example is the Federal Express purchase of Flying Tigers, an international supplier with which Federal Express was working with at that time. This allowed the package express company to reduce the cost of its operations and build a global air express network. By eliminating the direct suppliers with the vertically integrated strategy, the company gains more profits and control. This weak force in the bargaining power of suppliers allow for greater profits for the companies operating within the industry. Substitute products The threats of substitutes in the small package express delivery industry within US and global market is neutral. The evolution of technology over the past few decades has produced several substitute products to small package delivery. The first substitute that was introduces was the fax machines, which made the transfer of documents easier and faster. The internet, a big substitute of the document delivery via email, but it also created online shopping which led to increased demand of the small package delivery industry. This gave the industry the opportunity to gain additional profits and replace the profits lost through the innovation of the fax and email. Conclusions and recommendations In the small package delivery industry, the established companies will continue to play an important role within the industry and their profits will increase, because of the weak bargaining power of suppliers and the high barriers of entry by potential competitors. In a consolidated industry like the one presented in this case, the strong rivalry among established companies and the strong bargaining power of the buyers can lead to profitability losses.

Smoking Should be Banned in all Public Places

Smoking Should be Banned in all Public Places The numbers of people who smoke have increase over the years. Although they are equipped with the knowledge of how unhealthy smoking can be, people still choose to smoke. It is a personal choice and a highly addictive habit. Smokers choose to subject themselves to the health risks of smoking. It is not for the government or any third party to dictate whether or not a person should be allowed to smoke. However, smoking does not only affect the smoker negatively. It also affects all the people around those who smoke because when people smoke in pubic the smoke travels everywhere through the air, and the negative effects of this smoke affects all living, breathing creatures. Therefore smoking should be banned in all public places. People who smoke in public portray a bad example. Children are easily influenced in their growing stages. They imitate the people around them because they cannot differentiate between right and wrong. Therefore they perceive the actions they see around them as the way things should be. Besides that, teenagers who see people smoke in public take it as precedent to start smoking as well. There is a saying that goes monkey see monkey do, which tells us that people imitate the actions of others as they see it in their daily lives. Teenagers happen to think that smoking makes a person cool. When they see adults doing it on the streets it strengthens their belief in the coolness of smoking. Some teenagers think that smoking marks their transition into adulthood and maturity. Hence, more teenagers start smoking due to the influence of seeing other people smoke in public places. If smoking is banned in public areas, it will promote a healthier lifestyle for everyone. People will see it as a government endorsement for a healthier lifestyle of everybody. This is because by banning smoking in public areas the government sends the message that the government cares about the health of the citizens and that the government discourages people from smoking. Thus, when smoking is not allowed in public areas it reminds people that health care is very important. It reminds each and every person that the government is seriously concerned for the well being of its citizens. Therefore, people would be reminded to live a healthy lifestyle. If smoking is banned in public places it safeguards the life of the smoker as well as that of the public. Studies have shown that second hand smoke kills. Second hand smoke causes sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), respiratory infections and asthma attacks in children. Besides that, second hand smoke causes heart diseases and lung cancer in smoking and non-smoking adults. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), secondhand smoke contains at least 250 chemicals known to be toxic, including more than 50 that can cause cancer (CDC, 2009). These studies have proven that second hand smoke can cause cancer and is extremely bad for both the smokers and non-smokers health. In addition, the CDC also states that, The California Environmental Protection Agency estimates that secondhand smoke exposure causes approximately 3,400 lung cancer deaths and 22,700-69,600 heart disease deaths annually among adult nonsmokers in theUnited States (CDC, 2009). This means that just by being near people who are smoking, innocent people are dying of diseases that are caused by second hand smoke. This violates a non-smokers right to live a healthy lifestyle because just by being in public places where other people smoke they are subjected to breathing in toxic fumes. Consequently, the health of innocent non-smokers who are in public places are being jeopardized against their will. By disallowing people who smoke from smoking in public, it will cause smokers to smoke less. Because smoking is not allowed in public, people are only allowed to smoke in their homes. This would mean that as long as they are out of their homes: at work, when they eat out, at the movies or even at the parks, they cannot smoke.ÃÆ'‚Â   Smokers will have to wait until they get home to light up a cigarette. As a result, their cigarette consumption reduces and they smoke less. This in turn will benefit the smokers who have been trying to quit smoking but are unable to because they have more reason to stop. The law prohibits them from smoking in public areas, so cigarette consumption is reduced. Also, should they have an urge to smoke in public they will put in extra effort to quash the craving because it is punishable by law. In addition, there is less temptation for smokers who want to quit smoking if the ban is enforced because no one will offer them cigarettes. Therefore, this a llows them to abstain from smoking. This theory is proven in a report published in The Daily Mail (2008), stating, At least 400,000 people inEngland have quit smoking as a result of the ban on lighting up in public places that was introduced last July. Smokers will benefit from this ban because it will help them reduce the amount as well as the frequency of smoking and it could also help them break their addiction to cigarettes. In the long run it could help them quit, and also help them develop healthier lifestyles. If smoking is not allowed in public areas it discourages non-smokers from starting to smoke at all. People will not be tempted to start smoking because they know that smoking is addictive, and if smoking is not allowed in public they will suffer from withdrawal from their addiction to the nicotine from cigarettes. The Wiltshire Times (2007) postulates, New research shows that one in ten smokers claim to have quit and over half of south west smokers have thought about quitting since the nationwide ban was introduced on July 1. If smokers choose to quit or even think of quitting because of the inconvenience of not being able to smoke in public, would it not, more so, prevent a non-smoker from smoking? Surely one would not intentionally subject themselves to an addiction knowing that they will suffer withdrawal symptoms due to that addiction. By banning smoking in all public areas, the government shows support for the fact that smoking is bad, and it helps to set changes to the mind set in people reminding them that smoking is not a healthy habit. Furthermore, smoking will no longer be an issue when it comes to the influence of peers because nobody is allowed to smoke in public, so peers cannot pressure a person to start smoking. Some may argue that by preventing smokers from smoking in public, it infringes upon their rights. It is true that smokers have rights and these rights should not be infringed upon. However, a non-smokers right to breathe clean air should be taken into consideration as well. When people smoke in public areas the toxic fumes travel through the air and into the lungs of others. Many non-smokers breathe in the second hand smoke and as a result their health is compromised. Should non-smokers be subjected to these unhealthy and vile smelling fumes every time a smoker chooses to light up a cigarette? Certainly not! Smoking is a personal choice and people can choose to smoke but others should not be subjected to the health risks that come from inhaling second hand smoke. Peoples rights to breathe fresh and clean air should be protected, and along with that their right to maintain a healthy lifestyle without breathing in second hand smoke should be protected too. If people are prohibited form smoking in public it would be safer for the environment. When smokers smoke in public they tend to throw their cigarettes on the ground wherever they are. These cigarette buds are detrimental to the environment because they take a long time to decompose. According to McLaren (2005) Traditional butts are made of synthetic polymer cellulose acetate and never degrade, only breaking apart after roughly 12 years. Because the cigarette butts are not biodegradable they pollute the land. Most of the cigarette butts that are littered all over the place end up the rivers, and in the bellies of fishes and other aquatic creatures. McLaren (2005) also postulates that, within an hour of contact with water, cigarette butts can begin leaching chemicals such as cadmium, lead and arsenic into the marine environment. This pollutes the water supply that will inevitably end up in the stomachs of all living creatures. If the smoking ban is enforced the littering of these buds will no longer be an issue and the environment will be cleaner and healthier for everyone. If the current situation continues, the health of many people will remain in danger. The death toll for heart and lung diseases as well as the death toll for cancer will continue to gradually increase if the current smoking situation is not corrected. By putting forth a ban of smoking in public places the government promotes a healthier lifestyle for everybody and it protects every citizen from many diseases and health risks such as cancer and other deadly diseases. Besides that, the ban will eliminate the bad example set fort by people smoking in the public. Children and teenagers will then have a mindset implemented by the government that smoking is bad. The ban will discourage non-smokers from starting to smoke, thus preventing them from getting addicted to cigarettes. Also, it will encourage smokers to quit, and aid them on the difficult journey to be freed from the bounds of addiction. Consequently there will be no cigarette buttes littered all over the place affecting the environment negatively.ÃÆ'‚Â   By prohibiting people from smoking in public the go vernment is protecting the God given rights of its people to live a full and healthy life. It encourages people to take steps to better their quality of life and to take care of themselves as well as the people around them. Therefore, smoking should be banned in all public places. References McLaren, W. (2005). Cigarette Butts: One Huge Problem, Two Solutions. Treehugger. Retrieved December 7, 2009 from http://www.treehugger.com/files/2005/10/cigarette_butts.php One in Ten Quit Smoking Since Ban (2007). Wiltshire Times. Retrieved December 5, 2009 from http://www.wiltshiretimes.co.uk/news/1706214.one_in_ten_quit_smoking_since_ban/ Secondhand Smoke (2009). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 5, 2009 from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/general_facts/index.htm Smoking ban spurs 400,000 people to quit the habit (2008). Mail Online. Retrieved December 5, 2009 from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1030575/Smoking-ban-spurs-400-000-people-quit-habit.html

The Characteristics of Florentine Painting as Reflected in the Work of

The Characteristics of Florentine Painting as Reflected in the Work of Masaccio The Italian Renaissance was one of the most productive periods in the history of art, with large numbers of outstanding masters to be found in many centres and in all the major fields painting, sculpture, and architecture. In Florence, in the first half of the fifteenth century, there were great innovators in all these fields, whose work marked a beginning of a new era in the history of art. These innovators included Masaccio in painting, It was Masaccio (1401-28) who, in his brief and amazing career, was the real successor of Giotto and revolutionized Florentine painting. He too gave his figures a grave and noble dignity. His frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel of the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence did much to determine the course of painting from that time on. There are eight main classical characteristics of Florentine art, which are displayed by both Masaccio and other artists are clearly displayed in a variety of paintings of which I shall go into more detail of three of them, although I will briefly refer to the other eight for a wider knowledge and understanding of the revelation of the Florentine work from the fifteen century. There is a greater anatomical study to produce a higher standard of naturalism of figures this is displayed my Masaccio in the baptism of Christ. Light is exploited to give a sense of volumes to the figures; this is depicted in the Masaccio’s Peter hea...

Southern Arizona: Lives that Shaped the Frontier Experience :: Essays Papers

"Ordinary" Women in Early Twentieth Century Southern Arizona: Lives that Shaped the Frontier Experience Some historians have argued that women’s roles in early 20th century Arizona centered exclusively around the domestic sphere and typified values of femininity such as passivity, motherhood, and loyalty to marriage. Their journeys to the West are likewise portrayed as involuntary and life on the frontier a hated struggle. For example, Christiane Fischer states, â€Å"Frontier conditions tended to reinforce women in their traditional roles and did not open up any new possibilities for them† (Fischer, 46). Although this may have been true for some, women’s overall experiences and contributions to Arizona’s history were much more complex. Although historically â€Å"important† figures are often over-represented in the stories we tell about our past, it is essential to remember that social change cannot occur without the involvement of thousands of ordinary folks. According to E.D. Branch, â€Å"If there is a moral to the history of the westwa rd movement, it is this: the transcendent importance of small things and of unimportant people† (Branch in Poling-Kempes, xii). This is especially relevant to women’s history in that women’s experiences are often ignored in dominant discourse and their achievements are relegated to the invisible sphere of domesticity. This essay will explore the ways in which â€Å"ordinary† women influenced the development of the Arizona frontier and to what extent the conditions of this lifestyle affected their roles and opportunities. At the turn of the century, women in the West enjoyed greater freedom than their sisters in other parts of the country. Various social and economic necessities both allowed and forced women into situations that were traditionally reserved for men. Lesley Poling-Kempes states, â€Å"Liberation may have been a side effect, rather than a motivating force or premeditated goal, for women in the new society of the American West† (Poling-Kempes, 49). Women in this region generally had a better economic status, more job opportunities, and higher legal status than women in other regions (Rothschild and Hronek, xx). Historians have presented several hypotheses to explain this geographical distinction. One such theory is that the biased sex ratio (many more men were present than women) required men to be tolerant of women leading unconventional lifestyles. Another possibility is that, overall, the frontier embraced a more democratic way of life than settled areas, which in turn affected women’s rights (Rothschild and Hronek, xx).

Management Concepts and Organizational Behaviour Essay

To start off, organizational structure refers to the way management is organized within a business. It’s crucial for any organization to have the proper structure as it defines the hierarchy within an organization, identifies each job, their function, and where each job should report to. Possessing knowledge about your responsibilities is beneficial for the business as you’re able to carry out tasks efficiently, and be satisfied with the work environment. If staff members are aware of who’s doing what, performance would be a lot quicker and efficient. Organisational structures also provide information to staff about who to report to if they have any issues or queries as they have a clear view of the corporate ladder. Both Mercedes and Oxfam are organized in a tall structure – this is when the company is organized in a way that distinguishes the levels of hierarchy within a business. There are numerous levels of staff and departments, however, tall structures are more likely to only have eight levels of management within an organization as having more than this could decrease span of control. The purpose of this is simply to boost the incoming and current sales of their business. Having a tall organizational structure comes with many advantages, one being that since there are many levels of management, the company is able to promote more employees to management positions. Another advantage would include that managers have a much closer relationship with their employees as each manager has control. This could encourage employees to be more comfortable and express their views or any issues/queries they may have. Moreover, a tall organizational structure provides a clear view of the corporate ladder, therefore it’s easy for staff to know who to consult to which then saves time as any issues will be dealt quickly. Additionally, tall structures help Mercedes reach their financial aims as this type of organizational structure could improve sales/profit due to it dividing responsibility between its employees equally. Whilst this structure can come across as advantageous, there are a few disadvantages – the first one being that since there are so many layers to this structure, decision-making could be very time to consume which could then result in the company missing out on good opportunities by the time a decision is made. If an employee sees an issue or opportunity, they’ll have to contact their manager to take action. If the manager isn’t authorized to take action, then they’d have to move up the chain of command to find someone who can take action. Another disadvantage would be that there’s not a strong relationship between employers and managers who are several levels above them, thus making it difficult to relate to each other. Mercedes could also have a geographical structure due to the company being worldwide – its popularity resulted in it being managed on a global scale to potentially increase profit. Also, a tall organizational structure includes a lot more managers, therefore it makes sense that management costs would be higher. Additional management reduces net management and cash flow as these tall structures often translate into higher compensation and administrative costs for the various management layers. Oxfam also uses a functional structure – this is when the business groups employees together based specialized or similar set of roles/tasks, for example, the functions within Oxfam would be corporate/finance services, fundraising, and children/family services. This ensures that all of Oxfam’s activities that are deemed important are done effectively, and efficiently. Their functional structure is of utmost importance when it comes to their organization due to it helping them achieve their overall aims as every employee in a specific department focuses on their role, thus improving efficiency.

Major Inventions of the Late 19th Century and Early 20th Century

They have been many major inventions within the late 19th and early 20th century. Throughout history, these inventions have made great impacts on society. Three of these inventions that made the greatest impact are the telephone, the telegraph, and the light bulb. Each of these inventions has made a different impact in some way but they are still some of the greatest inventions.The telephone has left a huge impact on the world. The telephone is a device that can electronically transmit speech. Telephones are still today. People ranted about the helpful characteristics of the telephone.The telephone made communication easier and faster for people. It led to additional advances in networked communications. It also led to more job offerings, changes marketing and politics, and allowed more public feedback. At the same time privacy was a concern, but the telephone also increased privacy in many ways.It helped so people did not have to write letters to exchange information, yet people cou ld eavesdrop on phone calls since they would have to go to a local store to make a phone call. The telephone usage has increased at high percentages since it was created.The telephone has made the world smaller and more accessible to everyone. The telegraph was another invention that left a great impact on society. The telegraph worked by transmitting electrical signals of dots and dashes over a wire laid between stations.Within only nine years of the telegraph’s first message, only one state was not connected by telegraph. The telegraph reducing the amount of time it took to transfer information over large distances from weeks down to hours or minutes. The telegraph led to the inventions of the telephone, fax machines, and the Internet.The telegraph laid the basis for the communications revolution that led to those later inventions. The light bulb had its on major impact on society. The light bulb is the first electrical light used. The light bulb has made working for longer hours possible. It has also removed fire hazards like oil lamps and candles.Light bulbs help you work at all possible hours instead of being interrupted when the sun goes down. The light bulb impacts society with other inventions that use light bulbs as a main resource such as the flashlight, the microwave oven, head lamps, and light houses.They also allowed people to move around at night without any dangers. When cars were invented, light bulbs were used for head lights and traffic lights. Light bulbs became a major resource of light for many people since they was invented. There are many inventions that impacted society within the late 19th century and the early 20th century.Light bulb, telephone, and the telegraph are the three major inventions that had the greatest impact on society. They have all made different types of impacts in several different ways but they are still considered to be some of the greatest inventions in history.

Must be business related and must be current Term Paper

Must be business related and must be current - Term Paper Example In 1997 it spent DM 14.7 billion on R&D, 24% of the total business sector R&D expenditure in Germany that year. In 1995 50,000 employees were engaged in R&D, 6% more than in 1991. The impact is clear in patent statistics. The automotive industry registered 1,892 patents in 1990, 2,940 in 1996 (out of a total of 9,342 patents registered world-wide). Thus 31% per cent of patents registered in 1995 were German, compared to 25% Japanese and 19% US-American; German patents. The uniqueness of Volkswagen's governance is based on a bespoke law named the â€Å"VW Act† enacted in 1960 when Volkswagen was privatised, and a corresponding company statute. This legislation includes, among other directives, a required two-third majority on the supervisory board for any decisions on new plants or plant relocation thus ensuring that the government and labour representatives could not be overruled in decisions concerning changes of location and employment security. This has led to consistency i n providing a solid basis for continued innovation. In the late 90s VW moved upmarket with its purchase of Audi but also retained the lower end of the market with it’s purchase of Skoda. ... 2. The business situation involved: innovation at VW AG According to sources at VW, the main advantages of electronic communication is the reduction of adminstrative work, the acceleration of processes, improved planning accuracy and improved transparency in the collaboration with its suppliers. The development of this B2B supplier procurement platform has produced remarkable savings for both VW and suppliers over the past 5 years. Reference to statistics at VWGroupSupply in the Annual Report show that, as well as the doubling of suppliers using the platform over the past 4 years, VW now handles all of its contracts through this system generating transactions up to $56 million resulting in a saving of up to $70 million on the legacy direct procurement methods. Lee, S (2003) carried out a comparative study of leadership in innovation within the automotive B2B sector and rates VW as the leader in this field with Opel, BMW and Daimler following in order. The type of innovation character ised by VW’s B2B supplier platform is essentially that of process integration rather than product innovation per se. The advantage for VW, beyond the savings already mentioned, is the ability to accelerate the time to market for new models. This is partly facilitated by the fact that component orders that would have previously taken up to a month to process are now executable within a few days with a comcomitant shedding of bureaucracy. In terms of future stability of this platform, firms would seem to be so well-integrated into the system that they could not operate their procurement without it. The drivers behind this innovation are both diseconomies of scale created when VW diversified their global production to include the USA in the mid-70s. This was

Legal Rights of Buyers and Sellers Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal Rights of Buyers and Sellers - Case Study Example In Office of Fair Trading's (OFT) website any person can see the consumer rights forum and can use for his rightful purpose. This paper presents about the rights that are applicable to a consumer and a seller. If both parties are in dispute regarding the product they can approach OFT or court. After making an enquiry court will rule in favour of the party that follows the rules and regulations. Lets look at the present case. Bigbeef Ltd is in the business of butchery trade as a wholesale supplier of fresh meat. While supplying the products they give customers a detailed description of the standard terms and conditions of trading which has to be strictly followed. It includes a clause. According to this clause until buyer pays the amount in full the ownership of the goods supplied will remain with the seller, which in this case is Bigbeef Ltd. If the buyer hasn't paid in full or paid some amount then the seller has every right to take action by recovering and selling the goods and may enter buyer's premises for that purpose. Afterwards legal action would be taken against the buyer to recover the dues. Before the payment of the dues if the buyer alters the supplied goods in any way then the seller has the whole property rights on those altered and processed goods until such payments has been made and seller' s would be extended to those altered or processed goods. Until the buyer pays the amount in full for the goods relationship between them would be money related in respect of the goods.Bigbeef Ltd supplied 100 sides of fresh British beef to Frosty Ltd that is a frozen meat distributor and a regular customer. Frosty Ltd hasn't paid any amount regarding the supply of the British beef. Of the 100 sides 75 were cut into joints, packaged and frozen ready for resale. Because of the stringent government laws and regulations regarding labelling of beef the original supplier of the goods can be easily traced. Frosty Ltd sold the remaining 25 sides to a local super market that were supplied by Bigbeef Ltd to Frosty Ltd. Frosty Ltd made no profits from this trade to local super market.The above is the scenario in which one party supplies goods to the second party without receiving any payment. The second party sells a part of the supplies to the third party without making any profits. Due to UK's strict laws with respect to labelling of the goods the second party cannot sell the goods supplied by first party without prior permission from them or until full payment is made. The General Consumer council for Northern Ireland (The Consumer Council) is a statutory body, whose aim is to promote the interests of all consumers. The Consumer Council campaigns on behalf of consumers for the best possible standards of service and protection, undertakes research and gives advice and information and issues publications. The Consumer Council also manages consumer line that gives advice and information to consumers on: Practical help on how you can deal with your problem. Sources of additional help. Advice on using Small Claims Court. Your legal rights as a consumer. The Council has an Environmental Health

Researching the Field of Adult Learning Research Paper

Researching the Field of Adult Learning - Research Paper Example ESL hereby stands for English as a Second Language. In other words, adult education system is more popular as a distance education. However, distance educational system is considered as one of the rapidly emerging modes of education. Growth within the field has herewith led the informal and formal education trends to a higher level (Veletsianos, 2010). During adult education practice, students greater and proper attention is in demand for focused guidelines and assistance from their peers as well as teachers. In case of ESL, adults require greater support and motivation for adopting the learning skills majorly owing to the fact that they practice a separate mother tongue. In this regard, technological adoption in ESL program is expected to be more beneficial for those who are interested in learning ESL. Contextually, technological invention is the main evidence of the new emerging educational system wherein the use of internet, computers, cells phones, laptops and many other digital devises in the teaching process as well as in the classrooms has been proved to be beneficial. In ESL process, technological innovation is useful for better communication. It is also observed that communication process is helpful in adopting the language within a shorter time span as compared to the conventional system. Contextually, adult students are more frequent about the use of various technical devices. Proper usage of technical devices in ESL will be helpful for quick learning (Araya & Gamboa, 2012; Choitz & Prince, 2008). Technological invention in distance education is also getting more popular day by day. Hence, it has been observed that technological invention in adult educational system is a positive initiative as it is more competent in providing better opportunities to the people (Merriam, & Grace, 2011). In case of ESL, the usage of technical devices has been playing an important role for both the learners

Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints and Feast of Achelous Essay

Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints and Feast of Achelous - Essay Example The paper "Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints and Feast of Achelous" seeks to critique Raphael’s â€Å"Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints† and Peter Paul Rubens and Jan Bruenghel the Elder "Feast of Achelous". Whereas many forms of religious art during such a time were lavishly decorative while at the same time exhibiting a corresponding high level of artistic complexity, this particular piece of Raphael exhibits historical nuances that he untrained eye would not necessarily be able to pick up upon. For instance, whereas almost all of the religious iconography and paintings of the time and long before had pictured Christ as a naked baby, this particular piece was one of the first artistic expressions of Christ in a clothed state while still a baby. Many historians have attributed this to the fact that the nuns of the convent which commissioned Raphael to create the artwork had played a strong role in seeking to censor his style and demanded that a modest repre sentation of the male form be rendered. Moreover, the painting itself allows for some foreshadowing of the ways that Raphael’s career would develop. One need only consider the use and choice of colors that Raphael engages with, representation of the clean lines, and the minimalism and life figure portrayal of both the Madonna as well as Christ to seek to draw a level of inference onto the means by which his career would progress and mirror many of these artistic ideals. Likewise, the second painting that this brief analysis.

The Smell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Smell - Essay Example " "Yeah." his friend agreed, "He was really good looking and smart. But his personality doesn't really match his intelligence and appearance." I believe that this is the typical way we assess someone. We might look at their appearance and their behavior. We might listen to them while they're talking and sometimes hear about their reputation from other people. These are the basic interactions we encounter and do everyday. The senses used to assess an individual are not without restrictions. We cannot simply judge the person based on just seeing, hearing, tasting or feeling them. And we cannot simply just touch a person without reason; the same goes with taste. However there is one among the five senses that is oftentimes undervalued as a basis for judging a person's character. Nobody evaluates someone by starting with, "That guy smells." in a normal conversations. They can be read in some forms of literature like romantic novels or poetic impressions. But the writers had these words thought of prior to producing their literary works. In other words, they were planned. These things do not really happen instantly. Now that we look at it, does it mean that the sense of smell as a judge for a person's character is not worthy of merit Is the sense of smell being overlooked Probably some people think of smell as simply saying, "I have a great fragrance." or "I do not stink!" There is, however, another defi nition. When writers or chatters mention "the smell" in their writing or in conversations to describe someone, the role of smell doesn't end in the statement, "I do not stink!" Smell is further defined as the faint aroma coming from the body. I want to say that this is a more sophisticated way of judging a person, when we merge each part into one big package. I have had a very inspirational and sensational impression from one book called Das Parfum by Patrick Suskind. The main character, Grenouille, was extremely gifted in the fleeting realm of scent. Unfortunately he went through a difficult childhood and had only hatred in him. The combination of the two-his gift and his hate-drove him to his erroneous cling to "the perfume." His obsession led him to murder a woman so that he can use every part of her body, including her hair, to make the greatest scent that is the only one in existence in the entire world. The scent he created was not artificial, but rather it contained the natural essence of the woman while she was still alive. What Grenouille did was to preserve her every waking moment as fresh as possible. The people who experienced to get a whiff of the perfume felt as if they reached the goal of desire, as if the snow melts in the radiance of the morning sun and collapses down on the ground. Grenouille was not only an expert in c ompounding but he also had an amazing skill of pulling out what's real from the public. That skill was his unique sense of smell which distinguished the real meaning of other peoples scent. Today, people are still conscious about how they smell. To illustrate, what is normally our task after rising from our beds What is our top priority; the first thing in our minds that we should do We could have a coffee with toast, or if we had more time, we could read the newspaper. Normally after finishing our morning routines, we would then go to work or school. Sometimes though, when we are really in a hurry, we tend to skip or forget to eat our bountiful

The origin of species Essay Example for Free

The origin of species Essay John Keats is also poet from the 19th century just the same as Charles Darwin. Keats has the artistic, colorful approach to life. Keats writes expressively and in short punchy sentences that are full of meaning and conciseness. MY heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, These are only a couple of phrases that can be used to describe Keatss approach to life. Both of these quotes are from his poem, Ode to a Nightingale, that was written in 1884 and published in 1888. It is obvious throughout this poem, that Keats is thinking carefully about the words that he is using and the way in which he can produce this text as being heart felt and sympathetic as possible. Keats writes as though he is in a dream time and is trying to find a way out. Throughout the poem, you start to get a feeling that he is going to commit suicide or do something terrible that will affect his life forever if he goes through with it. This is seen in the following two quotes. Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, But being too happy in thine happiness,- Keats also uses the form of writing that involves the adventurous type of writing. Keats does this in the way that he can capture his readers in a way that makes it exciting for us to read as a reader. This is done through many lines including all of the beginning, ending and the body of the poem. But on the viewless wings of Poesy, Though the dull brain perplexes and retards: Already with thee! tender is the night, And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne, Throughout the poem, Keats, makes reference to the fact that he is planning to commit suicide. This comes up too many times to let fly by. The fact that Keats makes reference to this is a problem in itself. This problem is that he is a famous writer and very well known for his pieces. It would be a shame for him to now be known as a suicidal freak who couldnt handle the pressure of his family and his work. That I might drink, and leave the world unseen, And with thee fade away into the forest dim: Keats also writes similar to Charles Darwin in the way that they both leave the paragraphs with you thinking of what is going to happen next and makes you get the feeling of should I keep reading. Keats does this in nearly all of his paragraphs and they are all successful. Chapter 1 Of perilous seas, in faery lands forlorn. Chapter 2 To thy high requiem become a sod. Chapter 3 The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves Chapter 4 Through verdurous glooms and winding mossy ways. Chapter 5 Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow. Chapter 6 And with thee fade away into the forest dim: Chapter 7 Singest of summer in full-throated ease. Chapter 8 Fled is that music:-Do I wake or sleep? John Keats and Charles Darwin both have different styles of writing. Charles Darwin writes in the logical, scientific, rational way and Keats writes with the colorful, artistic and romantic style of writing. Although they both write in their own styles, they can relate their writing to the same thing in the same way. Artistical and Scientifical writing are both styles of writing and they can both be used in the same piece at exactly the same time. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Keats section.

Cell-Permeable Stapled Peptides from HIV1 Gene Products

Cell-Permeable Stapled Peptides from HIV1 Gene Products Cell-Permeable Stapled Peptides Based on HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors Derived from HIV-1 Gene Products Introduction HIV-1 Integrase (IN), is necessary enzyme for the replication of the virus into the host cells. It catalyzes the integration of viral DNA into the genome of host cells. The mechanisms employed by the enzyme are strand transfer and 3†²-end processing reactions. The enzyme is vital for the virus life cycle and as a result it is a target for anti-HIV-1 drugs. It is reported from previous studies that HIV-1 protein Vpr has inhibitory effect on Integrase activity. The inhibition is a result of protein-protein interactions. Specifically Vpr interacts through its C- terminal domain. Results from previous studies indicate that the active petptide inhibition motif is peptide 1 (Figure 1). Figure 1. Amino acid sequences of peptides 1 and 2, and outline of the study. Regarding the SAR studies, E-K pairs were introduced in i and i + 4 positions to increase the helicity, by forming salt bridges. In the same study to peptide 1 was added an octa-arginine tail, the purpose of which was to improve, cell permeability. The presence of the octa-arginine tail however resulted in increase of cytotoxicity of the peptide. The hypothesis on which the current study was based is that by finding a different way to improve cell permeability without the 8-R tail the cytotoxicity of the peptide would decrease. The idea was to make the peptide more lipophilic, by adding hydrophobic groups on the external of the a-helix, and at the same time improve its helicity. An available method to achieve that is the use of a-helix stabilized peptidomimetics. Specifically, hydrocarbon stapled peptides, in which a hydrocarbon link is formed between successive turns, via a ring closed metathesis (RCM) reaction, were used. By having a hydrocarbon linkage between positions i and i+4 in the a-helix, the helicity is improved because the two positions are covalently bound via the hydrocarbon chain, and simultaneously the lipophilicity and cell permeability of the peptide is increased because of the presence of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain on the external part of the a helical structure. In Figure 1 is presented an outline of the study. Design and synthesis of the peptides The lead peptide sequence used was sequence 1 (Fig.1). From previous studies it was known that residues: Phe12, Ile13, Phe15, and Ile17 are vital for IN inhibition activity. Stapling was performed between i and i+4 positions by avoiding substitution of these residues. Protected linear peptides were constructed by Fmoc-solid phase peptide synthesis. The RCM reactions of the protected linear peptides were performed on the resin by treatment with ruthenium-mediated Grubbs second catalyst in 1,2-dichloroethane. All hydrocarbon and all ether stapling was performed, however the first technique resulted in higher yields as it’s presented in Table 1. After RCM, the peptides were deprotected, acetylated, and cleaved from the resin. Purification of the stapled peptides was done by HPLC. However it is not the purpose of this paper to present experimental details. Table 1. Sequences of Designed Stapled Peptides and Their Conversion Yields of RCM Reactions CD Spectroscopy of Linear and Stapled Peptides. CD Spectroscopy was used to analyze the secondary structures of the synthetic stapled peptides, 3S−9S and 11S. Linear peptides, 4L−6L, 8L, 9L, and 11L, were used as control (Figure 3). Negative peaks at 208 and 222 nm, are characteristic for ÃŽ ±-helical structures. All stapled peptides, except 3S, formed ÃŽ ±-helices. The corresponding linear peptides on the other hand including compound 1 showed a broad negative peak around 215 nm, which indicates a ÃŽ ²-sheet structure. It is obvious that stapling of the linear peptides leads to the formation of ÃŽ ±-helices. Figure 3. CD Spectra of stapled peptides (left) and corresponding linear (right). Integrase (IN) Inhibition Assays and MT-4 Luc Assays (anti HIV). The next step was to determine the potency of the synthesized peptides using integrase inhibition assays. IC50 values were determined for stapled and linear compounds regarding both 3-end processing and strand transferring reactions (Figure 4 Left). Anti HIV activity was also screened for all peptides using MT-4 Luc Assays (Figure 4 Right). Figure 4. IC50 Values (Left). MT-4 Luc Assay (Right) All compounds had integrase inhibition activity, however lead compound 2 was way more potent. Regarding the MT-4 Luc assays compound 6S showed similar anti HIV activity as lead compound 2 at concentrations higher than 2.5 um. Compound 8S also showed significant activity at concentrations higher than 5 um. 6S and 2 have almost the same level of anti-HIV activity in cells, however 2 has much higher IN inhibitory activity in vitro than compound 6S. Imaging Experiments Stapled and linear peptides were labeled with fluorescein and imaging experiments were performed to examine their cell permeability. The stapled peptides 6S and 8S demonstrated improved cell permeability compared to the lead compound and the linear peptides. Octaarginine tail functional role investigation. The next step was to study the functional role of the (Arg) 8 tail, besides influencing cell permeability. By using 6S and 6L as lead compounds, a new set of peptides was synthesized (Figure 5). Specifically conjugates of 6S with octaarginine (17) and with the quartet repeat of arginine and glutamic acid (18). For 6L, with the quartet repeat of arginine and glutamic acid (19), and the conjugates of 6S with tetra-arginine (20), penta-arginine (21), hexa-arginine (22), and hepta-arginine (23). IC50 values were determined for the new set of peptides and also MT-4 Luc assays were performed. The presence of the octaarginine tail is necessary for the inhibitory activity however it still makes the peptides cytotoxic. Different lengths in the Arg tail were also examined. Still the octaarginine (17) conjugated peptide is the most potent but compounds 22 and 23 had good potency and lower cytotoxicity than 17, so those compounds were selected as lead compounds for further development. DNA binding experiments were also performed to examine the role of Arg8 tail, and the results indicate that 17 has high DNA binding affinity and that might influence the high inhibition activity of the peptide. Conclusions and Critical Review Stapling caused a significant increase in ÃŽ ±-helicity and cell membrane penetration, and in the expression of potent anti-HIV activity in cells. Stapling and the addition of octa-arginine caused cell membrane penetration. Stapling by itself did not involve cytotoxicity while incorporation of octa-arginine into the structures increased the cytotoxicity of the compounds. Generally it was a well-organized paper. It had good flow of information and background information was provided. The hypotheses were not stated but were easy to understand. The experiments and the data supported the conclusions and the concepts. The figures and the graphs were interpretable and accurate in supporting the conclusions related to them. However there are several interesting points to be addressed. The first point is the configuration of the new double bond formed. It would be interesting to see if the configuration of the double bond would affect the secondary structure and the helicity of the peptides. Another question that need to be addressed is why the stapled peptide 3S did fold into b sheet structure unlike the other stapled peptides which formed a helices. It would be interesting to examine the role of the substituted amino acids of 3S, in the folding of the peptide. Regarding the role of the octaarginine tail, the DNA binding experiments indicate that the octaarginine conjugated peptide has affinity for DNA binding. However it is unclear how exactly the tail affects the potency and the cytotoxicity. Further experiments are necessary to clarify that. I would suggest some NMR experiments to investigate the binding. First 1H-15N HSQC may be performed to the (Arg)8 fused peptide before and after binding with DNA. That would show which residues are involved in binding and would give data to determine the specific interaction. References: Nomura, Wataru, et al. Cell-Permeable Stapled Peptides Based on HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors Derived from HIV-1 Gene Products. ACS chemical biology 8.10 (2013): 2235-2244.